%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFF1fa53726 71 0 R /QuickPDFF2ff085b4 107 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 108 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20210628125407+02'00') /ModDate (D:20210628125407+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 2518 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF2ff085b4 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 136.0638 770.8329 Tm (Determining an Optimal Geoid-Based Vertical Datum)Tj ET /QuickPDFF2ff085b4 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 247.8353 731.3912 Tm (Roman Daniel \(USA\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF2ff085b4 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 689.3613 Tm 14.663 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFF1fa53726 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 689.3613 Tm 14.454 TL (Coastal Zone Management; Hydrography; Positioning; Reference frames; Reference)' (systems; Geoid; MSL; TBM; Vertical Datum)' ET /QuickPDFF2ff085b4 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 646.8416 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFF1fa53726 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 618.4951 Tm 14.454 TL (As a part of modernizing the U.S. National Spatial Reference System, the North American-Geopotential)' (Datum of 2022 \(NAPGD2022\) will be implemented in Terrestrial Reference Frames derived most likely)' (from the planned ITRF2020. NAPGD2022 will serve as a vertical datum in the U.S. and will be the final)' (product developed from a series of experimental gravimetric geoid models \(xGEOIDs\). NAPGD2022 should)' (be a best fit to global Mean Sea Level \(MSL\), which can vary locally by up two meters in some case. This is)' (due primarily to pressure, temperature and salinity variations that drive oceanic currents. Picking a)' (geopotential value to serve as a geoid model for a vertical reference frame must account for this mean ocean)' (dynamic topography \(MODT\). By determining the geopotential values at tide gauges and offshore buoys,)' (estimates of this observed MODT are compared to modeled MODT to devise the best connection between)' (the geoid, MODT, and the local MSL surface. Several MODT models were evaluated using)' (xGEOID20-derived geopotential numbers to determine the \(1\) best fit and \(2\) an optimal geopotential)' (surface to serve as a geoid for North America. This process will ensure a better tie between bathymetry and)' (terrestrial elevations, improved forecasting of the extents of storm surge onshore, and enhanced coastal)' (resilience.)' ET /QuickPDFF1fa53726 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Determining an Optimal Geoid-Based Vertical Datum \(10876\))' (Roman Daniel \(USA\))' ()' (FIG e-Working Week 2021)' (Smart Surveyors for Land and Water Management - Challenges in a New Reality)' (Virtually in the Netherlands, 2125 June 2021)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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